Why a Customer Data Platform is the Missing Link to Unlock Massive Customer Loyalty

Why a Customer Data Platform is the Missing Link to Unlock Massive Customer Loyalty A tremendous amount of data is wasted every year.In fact, Forrester estimates that 60-73% of all data within an enterprise goes unused. Valuable insights remain hidden in spreadsheets while managers make decisions based on limited information and vanity metrics.It’s not that most companies want to ignore the data that is offered to them.Data is the new oil â€" companies collect millions of data points and hoard them to better understand their customers.However, most of this data is disjointed or siloed.A set of data that gets ignored by one team will be desperately needed by another. Data is wasted when teams aren’t able to gain full access to their various metrics and use them to their best potential.The results of this wasted data are poor marketing campaigns that never reach their full potential and employees who need to work twice as hard to reach their revenue and ROI goals.If only there was a centralized location where every employee and stakeholder could look at multiple s ources of data and use these interactions to glean meaningful, unified insights. If only there was a way to manage customer data on one clear platform.There is. And developing a customer data platform for your company will change how your team makes decisions to improve your marketing mix and customer loyalty efforts.WHAT IS A CUSTOMER DATA PLATFORM?Before you can dive into the value that a customer data platform provides to customers and the connection between customer data and loyalty, it helps to define the terms that we are talking about.This is notably important because the concept of a data platform is often overcomplicated by companies that really just need simple data solutions.A customer data platform is a central hub that connects all sources of data (from first and third party sources) in one location.This platform gives marketers a complete view of their customers, their business performance, and their promotional opportunities. With a clear view of the data, marketers a re better able to make decisions based on facts.Too often, companies have a disjointed data management analytics system.The social media reports don’t align with the data from Google Analytics, which can’t connect to in-store data or third-party research that provides industry benchmarks.As a result, teams spend hours pouring over various reports, trying to draw one conclusion with one set of data while hoping it isn’t disproven with the next set.A customer data platform ensures that all data is unified and accurate.Also, by keeping the data in one central location, it creates a single source of information that the entire team can turn to for information.HOW TO USE YOUR DATA PLATFORM TO UNLOCK CUSTOMER LOYALTYCreating a central hub for data management will completely change how you make decisions within your organization. It has the power to significantly improve your marketing and customer care efforts.There are definitive, measurable benefits that you can track to prove the value of your investment.When you can use data to better connect with your customers, then you can provide better messaging at better times. This leads to happier customers and higher conversion rates.Below are just a few applications for your customer data platform that will improve your overall customer loyalty. You can track improved engagement rates and ROI to notice how your promotional strategies improve.This can justify your investment in the customer data platform while proving the value of your marketing investment â€" when the programs are running at their maximum potential.Create Better User Profiles to Understand Your CustomersTapping into your vast pools of data will help you get to know your audiences and the customers who buy from you.Beyond typical demographics like interests and socio-economic status, you can start to create clear profiles of what your shoppers want to buy, why they need your products, and what causes them to buy from other brands.This insight into your customers is invaluable and can help you create brand messaging that really resonates.Too often, brands are disjointed between what they think their customers want (or who their customers are) and what they actually want. They base this information on their brand vision or on old insights that have changed over time.The result is a tone-deaf marketing message that isolates target customers while bringing in the wrong audiences.This can lead to drops in sales and even long-term damage to how the brand is perceived.Consider the video above, created by stock footage company Dissolve. The Generic Millennial Ad focuses on stereotypes and highlights the nature of tone-deaf messaging based on limited demographics and research.While this video is a fun parody, it highlights the very real nature of brands that try to connect with audiences without real investment in data and research.Not only can data provide factual insight into your customer base, and help you better develop audience personas, it can also adjust and adapt to smaller changes in your audiences.Your customers change over time. They grow out of your brand and new customers walk in, with different ideas, values, and interests. For example, the millennial generation isn’t in college anymore. That’s Generation Z.Most millennials own houses, have kids, and are in their 30s. If you have been targeting “millennials” since they first started graduating high school, then your target generation has changed. Following these changes and adapting allows you to pivot your messaging to stay relevant in today’s highly-personalized digital world.All of your data sources (both from first and third-party sources) work to create your user buying profiles. Think of your customer data platform as a painting of your customer.Each set of data makes the painting more clear, by adding new colors and textures. When all of the data comes together, the painting is vibrant and clear. Without a unified data system in place, you can’t get the full picture.Use Personalization in Your Suggested ItemsThe next generation of consumers is more comfortable than ever with personalized marketing messages.The team at Conversant found that 87% of customers age 25-34 are “very likely to shop at a retailer if they are given personalized offers.”More people understand that if they exchange their personal data with a company, they will receive better-targeted ads and will have a better browsing experience.Image Source: conversantmedia.euDespite this willingness to receive personalized content, few brands are taking steps to use customer data platforms to improve their marketing efforts.Roughly 65% of consumers say brands send them too many irrelevant communications.This includes emails sent right after a purchase, emails promoting items they don’t need, and general messages that turn off customers and make them tune out your brand messaging.A customer data platform better connects user behavior across m ultiple channels and purchase paths.This means that the items your customers see are more likely to be the ones they want to buy.Bring Customers Back Into the Buying CycleUsing the data you curate to learn about your customers is only the first step when developing a customer data platform.The next step is to put your data to work and take action to improve loyalty.One of the most powerful ways you can use your data is to market to customers in a way that brings them back into the buying cycle.All brands have three goals with customer retention:Bring new customers back to turn them into loyal shoppers.Increase the frequency and average tickets of existing loyal shoppers.Prevent customer turnover.With relevant, targeted messages, you can achieve all of these. Your marketing efforts can prevent customers from forgetting about your brand or turning to your competitors â€" reducing turnover.High-quality marketing can also keep new customers engaged and eager to see what else you can off er them.The sweet spot, however, lies in engaging existing customers to grow their value to your brand.As you implement strategic marketing plans based on data, you can watch your customer lifetime value (CLV) increase. Your CLV refers to the number of purchases and average order value per purchase for customers over time.For Victoria’s Secret, if the average customer spends $75 per visit and shops there quarterly, then the CLV is worth $3,000 over a decade. If the women’s lingerie company can increase the AOV to $100, then the CLV jumps up to $4,000.While this is a simplified example, you can see how improving your marketing efforts through better data analysis can have a significant impact on your revenue.If Victoria’s Secret applies this single customer example to their entire consumer base, they would see how small drops in frequency or a lower AOV could be devastating for their business.Improving your data management efforts isn’t just about keeping customers loyal and engaged, it’s about keeping your business afloat.Improve Retargeting With Better Behavioral MetricsOne strategy that brands use to create better marketing messages for customers is the use of remarketing and retargeting content.Retargeting emails and abandoned cart triggers are incredibly popular in the eCommerce world â€" and for good reason.With an average cart abandonment rate of 79%, brands can significantly grow their sales if they can bring back even a fraction of those lost customers. Abandon cart emails are also often successful.SaleCycle has found that abandoned cart email open rates hover around 43% for most sectors â€" and have a conversion rate average of 2.9%. Marketing to lost customers is easier and more affordable for brands than starting fresh with cold leads. Image Source: blog.salecycle.comHowever, abandoned cart email triggers require specific customer behaviors. Customers need to be logged-in to their accounts and they need to add items to their carts before abandoning them.Better data, however, can change this. Today, brands are investing in retargeting through product views, rather than abandoned cart messages.Only a limited number of customers on your website add items to their carts.However, the vast majority (most of your customers who don’t bounce) at least look at products before they leave.Modern data can track the behavior of customers and send recommendation emails based on the products viewed, even if they were never added to the cart.Immediately, this exponentially increases the number of re-engaged customers, but that’s not the only impressive part.Behavioral data can sort customers and identify the ones that are most likely to buy while showing them a few top product options. A few metrics your retargeting tool might use include:Length of time spent browsing various products.Top products viewed (duration viewed, clicks on the product page, reviews read).Similar products viewed while comparison shopping.Past buying behavior and products bought.While the number of customers you reach increases by retargeting customers based on products viewed, the quality of email content ensures that your marketing efforts are profitable and drive results.Fill in the Gaps of Offline Interaction and Connect Buyers Across DevicesWhen a customer walks into your store, makes a purchase in cash, and walks out, do you know who they are and what they purchased? Can you link up their current purchases with the ads they saw the day before? Can you compare their purchases this time with past purchases with your brand?With a strong customer data platform, you can.By connecting multiple sources of data, you can better understand the behavior of your customers with clear insights â€" even if they go offline or switch devices during the buying process.For example, you can compare your internal data of the items sold with items that your customers browsed online the day before.You can use store conversions in Google Ads to see which customers took action after browsing online. You can also compare the tickets of certain customers with other similar buyers (with past buying history and demographics) to estimate what that person likely bought in the past.Suddenly, an in-store sale provides a window into that customer’s behavior and allows you to learn more about the person walking into your store.Using data to identify cross-device behavior is becoming exceptionally important.Signal reports that the average consumer owns four connected devices and uses at least three of them daily.Unfortunately, most marketers only connect with customers on one device and lose them completely once they go offline.“And this is a problem. Because devices don’t shop. People do,” they write.Your customers are not about to simplify their browsing behavior to appease your marketing team. You need to meet your customer demands if you want to communicate with them effectively.This means unifying your data sources to create a platform where you can understand user behavior across devices, locations, channels, and any other divide that a user might cross during their buyer journey.Reduce Irrelevant or Repetitive Marketing MessagesAll of these efforts to improve your marketing and grow your customer loyalty boil down to one idea: you want to send the best marketing messages possible to your customers when they want to see them.Irrelevancy is the kiss of death for marketers in a world of strategic marketing and digital communication.According to SproutSocial, 41% of customers will unfollow a brand on social media because the information isn’t relevant.This is the most common reason beyond the brand posting too many promotional messages (46%).Image Source: sproutsocial.comThe company writes that the “A nnoyance Factor” is real. Users will unfollow a brand if they post annoying (irrelevant, tone-deaf, repetitive) messages that they don’t connect with.Outside of the social media world, these unfollow actions come in the form of high unsubscribe rates, lower website traffic, and dropped organic rankings as customers actively avoid your brand.At the bare minimum, your company needs to invest in data insights to reduce customer turnover.What starts as a defensive maneuver to prevent customer loss can eventually grow into a proactive motion to improve loyalty and increase the number of purchases each month or year.BENEFITS OF A CUSTOMER DATA PLATFORM FOR YOUR BUSINESSAlong with the measurable, targeted benefits of adding a data management platform to your business, there are also smaller benefits that you may notice within your internal operations.While these benefits are less tangible, you will notice that your teams operate smoother and your coworkers are on the same page more oft en.This is because everyone is looking at the same data sources and drawing similar conclusions.With a disjointed data system, each employee relies on the information that is available to them.Your paid search team uses their Google and Bing ads interface and Google Analytics results to come to their own conclusions.Meanwhile, your SEO, social, and in-store marketing teams each have their own analytics systems that they turn to.No one is able to take a high-level view of the customer and consider the buyer’s journey as a whole.However, once your data sources come together, it is easier to look at your audiences as whole people who travel through complex buying journeys, rather than snapshot customers who either converted or didn’t.This whole customer view keeps everyone on the same page. You can focus more on moving customers forward and meeting their needs and less on who has the right data or the best insights.BUILD YOUR OWN CUSTOMER DATA PLATFORMAs you start to understand the benefits of having a data management platform to your customers, your revenue, and even your internal operations, you can begin to identify what your company is missing. Where does your data become disjointed? Where is the data misaligned or missing entirely?These are hints that you can follow to identify problems with the data processes that you need to solve in order to grow your data maturity.Building a customer data platform starts with data identification.Once you have the data you need, the next step is to connect your sources into one hub.The final stage of data management comes with data sources that work together in a centralized hub and are easy to understand, analyze, and adjust.We recommend you start with a data maturity assessment to see where your company is within this process and how far you need to go.If your company is one of many that wastes 70% of their collected data, then it’s time to take control of how you collect and analyze information.The more informati on you are able to use and review in a clear manner, the better informed you will be as you make decisions for your customer, not just for your brand. About Author Craig Smith is the Founder of Trinity Insight, an optimization agency that helps brands grow faster online. Craig started Trinity in 2006 and prior to that worked as a strategist for Ebay Enterprise.   Craig is a frequent speaker at eCommerce events and guest lectures at NYU and Villanova on optimization business concepts.

Canadas Health Care System Essay - 4027 Words

Canada’s health care system â€Å"can be described as a publicly-funded, privately-provided, universal, comprehensive, affordable, single-payer, provincially administered national health care system† (Bernard, 1992, p.103). Health care in Canada is provincial responsibility, with the Canada Health act being a federal legislation (Bernard, 1992, p. 102). Federal budget cuts, has caused various problems within Medicare such as increased waiting times and lack of new technology. Another problem with Medicare is that The Canada Heath Act does not cover expenditures for prescriptions drugs. All these issue has caused individuals to suggest making Medicare privatized. Although, Canada’s health care system consists of shortcomings, our universal†¦show more content†¦At the end this plan did not carry out because the Premiers received half of what was suggested and the territorial leaders did not sign the agreement. The territorial leaders felt that Ottawa was b eing inflexible and that â€Å"the north would be receiving the same amount of money per capita as the rest of the country, despite the much higher costs of delivering health care in Canadas most remote regions† (CBC News Online, 2006). In addition, the deal had no accountability strings attached (Doctors of Medicare, 2009). Furthermore, during the 2004 election, the Liberals indicted the Conservatives of wanting to turn Medicare into a two-tiered system (CBC News Online, 2006). After the election, Prime Minister Martin assembled the first minister’s conference on health care. The federal government and provinces` `agreed to a $41-billion infusion into the system over 10 years† (CBC News Online, 2006). The agreement included â€Å" $3.5 billion over two years in additional transfers to the provinces and territories, an escalator clause that automatically boosts transfers by six per cent a year to keep up with rising health costs, $4.5 billion over six years for Show MoreRelatedFrance And Canadas Health Care Systems1775 Words   |  8 PagesFRANCE AND CANADA’S HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS 1 France and Canada’s Health Care Systems: A comparative Analysis of France and Canada’s healthcare systems Ileke Redemption Iyeteku 5994383 Ottawa University FRANCE AND CANADA’S HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS 2 This paper will compare France’s health care system with Canada’s health care system. When compared to other countries around the world, France was ranked number one in overall health system performance (World Health OrganizationRead MoreSimilarities Between France and Canada’s Health Care System846 Words   |  3 PagesMany would agree that a worthy, controlled health system, above all, should essentially contribute to good health. The responsibility of a health care system is that the organization of people, institutions, and resources deliver the health care services required and meet the health needs of focus populations. Another duty that the health care systems stimulate is the reduction of inequality to race, gender, social status and religion. Each health care system is different when looking at specific countriesRead MoreCanadas Health Care System1855 Words   |  8 PagesCanada’s health care system is one that formed in the 1950s and 60s, also known as Medicare. It is a system that Canada as a nation takes pride in, as it is predominantly public and has basic health care is available to all citizens, incorporating some aspe cts of the private system as well. Health care often occurs in terms that compare public versus private health care systems. After a thorough analysis of private health care associated with neo-conservatism, and public health care associated withRead MoreThe Challenges Of Canadas Health Care System1845 Words   |  8 PagesThere are 196 countries with healthcare systems across the world†¦ Canada’s healthcare system is ranked 30th overall. Most critics keep health care related debates to the small scope of Canada and the USA. However, neither the USA nor Canada’s systems are ranked in the top 25 for overall efficiency (The Patient Factor). 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G7 Ise-Shima Vision for Global Health focused on pertinent global health issues including: †¢ Reinforcing the Global Health Architecture to strengthen responses to public health emergencies †¢ Attaining UHC with strong health systems and better preparedness for public health emergencies †¢ Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) 4. National Agenda, Regional and International Mandates a. Health Agenda for the Americas As a signatory of the Health Agenda for the Americas in 2007, Canada supportsRead MoreCanadian Healthy Policy vs. United States Health Policy1996 Words   |  8 PagesHealthy Policy vs. United States Health Policy AHS 330 Health Care Systems: 7Q April 2, 2014 Healthcare in the United States is extremely different from the rest of the world. Over the years government and political analysts have compared and contrasted the health care systems of the United States to that of Canada’s. Despite being located on the same continent both countries have different ways of delivering health care to its citizens. Canada has a single-payer system that is publicly funded, whileRead MoreThe Hiv / Aids Epidemic1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe HIV/AIDS epidemic poses a major concern for global health. There are approximately 36.7 million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide (WHO, 2017). Due to the increased phenomenon of global migration and movement we see a proportion of individuals who are HIV positive migrating. In Canada alone, over 300,000 new immigrants were welcomed into the country in 2016 (CIC; Globe And Mail, 2016). As a result we can infer that certain proportion out of all immigration applicants into Canada were HIV positiveRead MoreThe Canadian Health Care System1306 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare system is currently ranked in the top 11 OECD countries making the Canadian healthcare system one of the best in the world, although like all perfect systems, there are always uncovered flaws within. When examining certain attributes and traits within the system, such as accessibility and the general quality of healthcare performance is considered to be low ranking amongst international practices, thus improvements are needed. More importantly, the Canadian health care system contains many

The Impact Of International Trade On The Environment

Introduction Since technology has been developing even better than before, it leads the new way of communication, transportation system, or even doing business across countries. This conditions also proved by the free trade agreement that expanded by World Trade Organisation (WTO). This situation leads to a new conflict in the International trade between countries, whether it is triggered by protectionism interests or for environmental reasons. Economists, environmental experts, and experts of international law have been aware of the existence of this conflict since 1970. Undeniably international trade can lead to a positive or negative impact on the environment.1 The positive impacts of international trade, among others are: first, increase the people’s per-capita income of a country. This may lead the people to pay more attention to environmental causes rather than figuring out how to meet their basic needs. Secondly, the country with higher per-capita income will have better infrastructure in terms of environmental policy. On the other hand, the negative impacts of d oing international trade, among others are: first the occurrence of excessive exploitation of natural resources. Thus, to reduce the negative impact, WTO has integrated the concept of sustainable development in the international trade. Utilization of natural resources must be consistent with the objectives of sustainable development. Therefore, the WTO is expected to give new nuances in theShow MoreRelatedBusiness Environment Economic Systems, Fiscal Monetary Policies, Cc Regulatory Bodies, International Trade British Economy, Global Factors Impact on British Organisations, Analysis Implications Joining Eu5548 Words   |  23 Pagesthe most efficient way †¢ Possibility of large inequalities amongst consumers resulting in certain goods and services only available to those who can pay †¢ Profit maximisation might be achieved through lack of concern for society and the global environment Mixed Economy A Mixed economy employs features of both government/planned economy and a free market enterprise, where some important production is undertaken by the state, directly or through its nationalised industries and some is left for privateRead MoreUnit 39 - International Business1099 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 39 – International Business Scenario You are employed by the local Business Development Agency and have been asked to independently research international business in relation to an international case study business of your choice. 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The consumer gains access to greater quantities of a specific good at a more competitive price, while the producer is able to shift his resources into the economy’s comparative-advantageRead MoreEconomic Integration and Global Markets to Uk Business Organizations1735 Words   |  7 PagesThe definition of International trade------------------------3 The reason of International trade----------------------------3 The importance of international trade---------------------3 Economic integration and global markets to UK business organizations-----------------------------------------4 The impact of two policies of the European Union on UK business organizations------------------------------------5 The impact of fiscal policies on the UK business------------5 The impact of monetary policyRead MoreGlobal Business and Trade1387 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal business and trade 1. Introduction Throughout the past recent decades, the world has become entangled in an unstoppable process of globalization. The phenomenon is normally understood as a process by which the traditional barriers between the countries are gradually removed to allow the free circulation of natural resources, people, capitals, or even cultural values and traditions. The globalizing effort has had a multitude of impacts, such as the popularization of the western cultureRead MoreImpact Of E Commerce On International Trade Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesE-COMMERCE ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE MUKESHV.M , (MCom,MBA Finanace,MPhil) Assistant Professor In Commerce And Management Studies, Mar Osthastheos College (Affiliated To University Of Calicut) Perumpilavu,Kunnamkulam,Thrissur-680519Ph:04885 282000Mob:9895617021Email:Mukeshmurli640@Gmail.Com Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of E-Commerce on international trade . electronic commerce offers economy wide benefits to all countries. 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Appendix H Free Essays

Associate Level Material American Rangelands and Forests Part 1 Choose either a rangeland or a forest of the United States and describe current federal management strategies. Explain federal efforts to manage these lands sustainably by completing the chart below. |Rangeland or Forest Location |Brief History of | | | |Rangeland or | | | |Forest | |Research and identify the effects of |Review environmental websites and journals. We will write a custom essay sample on Appendix H or any similar topic only for you Order Now |Month 1–3 | |air pollution. | | | |Document the sources of air pollution and both environmental and health| | | |effects of air pollution. | | | | | | | |Document video interviews of environmental researchers and | | | |facilitators. | |Develop an education program about |Develop a presentation about why this program is needed and include air|Month 1–3 | |air pollution effects. |pollution’s ill effects, the lifestyle changes that will be required, | | | |and the benefits and challenges of change. | | |Schedule a presentation day and time. |Attend a monthly HOA meeting to present the benefits of the program. |Month 4 | | | | | |Request that the HOA board add the presentation to the following | | | |month’s agenda. | | | | | | | |Document the audio and visual equipment needed for presentation and | | | |layout of the room. | |Identify and invite community |Tally the number of homes in the community. |Month 4–5 | |participants. | | | | |Create and di stribute flyers to homes announcing the next HOA meeting | | | |and the educational program that will be introduced. | | Blank Sample Action Plan Action Items |Action Steps |Timeline | |(in order) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Add more rows if needed | | | References Corporation for National Community Service. (n. d. ). Sample sustainability plan. In Toolkit for program sustainability, capacity building, and volunteer recruitment/management (Section 4). Retrieved from http://www. nationalserviceresources. org/filemanager/download/online/sustainability_plan. pdf. How to cite Appendix H, Papers

The Source Of The Many Differences Between Mesopotamia And Egypt Can B

The source of the many differences between Mesopotamia and Egypt can be found in the geographic locations of these civilizations. Egypt, protected by natural barriers on all sides, remained uninfluenced for many years. Not many other civilizations came in contact with the Egyptian people. Thus, they developed much differently politically and socially compared to Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia was constantly invaded by foreigners who would incorporate their culture into their newly conquered society and form a new one by force. It is no surprise then that the two civilizations would end up with completely different ideas about the world. Egypt's social structure consisted of the pharaoh, priests, farmers, merchants, and craftsmen. The pharaoh was the "God-King". Not only did he govern Egypt, but he was an immortal (or a god). Pharaohs were believed to be gods who had chosen to live on earth for a time. These immortal men were highly respected by Egyptian people because of their godly powers. "The pharaoh's will was law, and his wisdom all-knowing" (Adler,1996,26). Because the gods spoke through the pharaoh, his regulations and laws were to be carried out without question. Otherwise the gods would "cease to smile upon Egypt". Priests were important to Egyptians but were not terribly powerful (like they were in Mesopotamia). They merely enforced religious beliefs and helped the king when he was unpopular. The Free tenant farmers, who worked on estates owned by a landowner or government official, constituted the majority of the population. These farmers worked on this granted land in order to provide service to the crown (the pharaoh). Their life, like the Egyptians of higher and lower classes, was extremely stable and predictable. They usually resided in crowded villages that stretched across the Nile River. In these villages, the merchants and craftsmen could also be found, but Egypt had no real cities. The capital cities in Egypt served as royal palaces for the wealthy or for social entertainment. The majority of the population had nothing to do with these cities, except to act as a labor force. Unlike many other civilizations, the cities of Egypt were not used as major trade or control centers among villages. Trade and commerce were of little importance to Egyptians. On the other hand, Mesopotamia was a huge collection of many cultures. Numerous amounts of foreigners invaded and forced their beliefs and ideas upon the Mesopotamians. All of this cultural influence produced many rapid changes and caused extreme instability. Rulers were not gods, were not as well respected, and had to fight for their control. Mesopotamians did not experience the security that Egyptians had. The economy way under constant stress because of the taxes needed to support an army. Armies were of extreme importance in order to prevent further invasions and to squelch frequent rebellions that occurred. The isolated Egyptians never had to raise an army or set any heavy taxes. Mesopotamians though, because of the number of invaders, had many cities and trade centers. The variety of people within the cities produced many cultural achievements and advances. They had well developed road systems to improve communication and enforce government control in surrounding villages. They, under the Phoenicians, developed a water-based trade system that reached as far as Great Britain. By sea, they traded information, dyes, and metals such as copper and iron. Because of their exposure to many different ideas, Mesopotamians were very influential in the ancient world and are still today. As for the Egyptians, their ideas vanished with the disappearance of their civilizations. Their natural barriers separated them from the harsh realities around them. They were stable and were not subjected to invasions by foreigners for many centuries. This provided a false sense of security. They took very little measures to prevent a disastrous invasion from occurring. Egypt was not prepared militarily; they had little trained soldiers and very few advanced weapons. Egyptians trusted that the gods were responsible for their long reign without any outside threats. They believed that "the Gods smiled on Egypt", and they also took this to mean that they were superior to any other cultures. The only "real" people were Egyptian people and anyone else was considered inferior. This egotistical view resulted in a limited trade of knowledge because foreigners had little to offer the superior Egyptians. Thus, they did not advance scientifically, mathematically, or militarily like the Mesopotamians had. This feeling of superiority eventually resulted in their defeat when invaders finally did come. The experiences of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians were very different because of their location. Egyptians

Classical Greco Roman Art essays

Classical Greco Roman Art essays During the period of crisis in the Roman Republic when the Greek influence on art became increasingly strong, Roman art began to emerge as an entity in itself. In 146 B.C.E., a sculptural style came into being that is generally known as Greco-Roman, a term which indicates that the two styles cannot be readily separated from each other. Much of the original art of this period was produced by Greek immigrant artists, but the growing Roman fascination with individual traits of personality is most apparent in their portrait sculpture, a field in which Romans artists made one of their most original contributions to Western culture. But the idealism of Greek art continued to captivate the Romans, for great numbers of Greek statues stood in the Roman forums and in public and private buildings. But even while under the spell of Greek art, the Roman portraitists produced works that have no parallel in Greek art. The Roman desire for literalness, together with the custom of keeping works of art in the Roman house, influenced the sculptors to accentuate individual traits still further. For example, The Head of a Roman is striking by virtue of its character, seemingly alive and mask-like. The character in this piece is the result of the artist's painstaking rendition of every facial bulge and fold, being a kind of super-realism. A quite different approach to the portrait subject can be seen in the bust of Pompey the Great. In this piece, it is likely that the artist was very concerned about creating a likeness that would be far more than a mere facial record. The strong lines of the broad forehead and the somewhat flat surfaces of the face are softened by a curiously ambiguous expression. Both of these works also express the sentiments and feelings of the general Roman citizen, for although the Empire was experiencing difficult times in the early ...

ESL Lesson Plan for Short Field Trips

ESL Lesson Plan for Short Field Trips Short field trips to local businesses can help English learners begin to try out their language skills. However, it is a good idea to make sure that your students are prepared before taking these short field trips. This lesson plan helps provide structure to what can quickly become a rather overwhelming event without specific objectives for the field trip. This lesson is meant for classes which are held in English speaking countries. However, there are also a few ideas in the lesson notes on ways in which the lesson might be changed for short field trips in countries in which English is not the primary language. Aim: Developing speaking skills/practicing interactions with native speakers other than the teacherActivity: Short field trips to local businesses/government offices/other sites of interestLevel: All levels except for absolute beginners Lesson Outline Begin the lesson with a short warm up. Ideally, tell the students about the first time you did some shopping or tried to accomplish some task in a foreign language. Ask some of the students to quickly share their own experiences. Using the board, ask students to describe reasons for some of their difficulties. As a class, look for suggestions on how they might plan ahead to deal with such problems in the future. Inform students of the rough outline of your planned short field trip. If there are issues surrounding permission slips, transportation, etc. discuss these at the end of the lesson rather than at this point in the lesson. Choose a theme for the short field trip. If you are going shopping, students should be gathering information around a specific theme. For example, students might look into purchasing a home theater system. One group could explore the options for TVs, another group options for surround sound, another group blue-ray players, etc. Other tasks for short field trips could include: Gathering information on health insurance optionsTrips to the zooVisiting the local employment officePlanning a meal together by going to the marketVisiting a local gym to find out information on workout possibilities, facilities, etc.Visiting a local tourist information centerGoing to a local event such as a state fair As a class, create a list of the tasks that should be accomplished on the short field trip. Its probably a good idea to have already created a basic list on your own before class to get the ideas flowing. Have students break up into groups of three to four. Ask each group to identify a specific task they would like to accomplish from the list you have developed. Have each group divide their own tasks up into at least four separate components. For example, in the example of a visit to a large retailer in order to buy a home theater system, the group responsible for researching TV options might have three tasks: 1) Which size is best for which living situation 2) Which cables are required 3) Warranty possibilities 4) Payment options After each student has chosen a specific task, have them write out questions they think they should ask. This would be a great opportunity to review various question forms such as direct questions, indirect questions, and question tags. Circulate in the room helping students with their questions. Ask each group to role-play the situation switching roles between salesperson, tourist agency representative, employment officer, etc. (depending on the context) Follow-up In Class Here are some ideas to use as follow-up exercises in class or as homework to help solidify what students have learned on their short field trips: Create short role-plays based on their experiencesDraw up vocabulary trees employing new vocabulary used/studied during their preparations and short field tripAsk other students in smalls group to take their roles while they take the role of the shop assistant, employment agency personnel, etc.Short writing assignments summarizing their experienceGroup reports back to class Variations on Field Trips for Non-English Speaking Countries If you dont live in an English speaking country, here are some variations on short field trips: Have students take short field trips to each others place of business. Students ask each other the appropriate questions.Visit local businesses, but have students role-play shop assistant - customer/employment agency officer - citizen/etc.Take short field trips online. There are many sites that offer real-time chat. Have students take advantage of these sites to gather information.